U.S. urges Sudan to carry out North-South peace deal

By Arshad Mohammed
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - The United States urged Sudan's north and south on Tuesday not to allow disputes over oil and elections to unravel the 2005 peace deal that ended their two-decade civil war.
Disagreements over how to implement the deal could drag the African oil exporter back into conflict if not settled ahead of a ruling on a disputed oil region in July, elections in 2010 and a referendum on southern secession the following year.
"The stakes are enormous," said U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Jim Steinberg, reflecting fears among officials and analysts that the civil war, in which two million people died, could erupt again. The war was separate from the Darfur conflict which continues in western Sudan.
Steinberg spoke at a U.S.-hosted conference that gathered officials from north Sudan's dominant National Congress Party, the south's Sudan People's Liberation Movement and 20 countries to try to keep the Comprehensive Peace Agreement on track.
The agreement set an interim period, with a coalition government between the Muslim north and mostly Christian south and the sharing of oil wealth. It ends in 18 months with a referendum in the south for which analysts say the government is unprepared.
A return to war would be disastrous effect for Sudan, its oil industry -- where Total of France, CNPC of China, Petronas of Malaysia and other major firms are active -- and surrounding states.
A key dispute between the two sides has been control of the oil-producing Abyei region in central Sudan. The north and south claim parts of it and their troops have clashed there since the 2005 deal.
The Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague is due to rule on the dispute in July but it is widely believed neither side will be satisfied by its decision.
'SOFT LANDING'
The U.S. special envoy for Sudan, Gen. Scott Gration, said the Khartoum government and the SPLM, which rules the south, had agreed to work together to prevent the verdict from igniting violence.
"We have taken a commitment to ensure that we will do everything we can and come up with a plan to ensure a soft landing from both sides," Gration told reporters.
Another U.S. official said the parties had agreed in several days of talks in Washington to send representatives together with Gration to Abyei when the ruling comes out to quell dissatisfaction.
The February election is another area of disagreement. The SPLM says a census under-counted southerners and has demanded a redrawing of constituencies.
Analysts say the government has done little to prepare for the possibility of a southern vote to secede in the January 2011 referendum. Such a breakup could ignite conflicts over borders, oil and the land rights of militias that roam between the two areas.
The U.S. official, who spoke on condition he not be named, said representatives of the north and the south wanted to continue three-way talks, with the U.S. serving as a mediator, next month in Khartoum and in August in Juba.
(Editing by Alan Elsner)

Source: Reuters